Deep and comprehensive renovation of buildings in the Nordics requires a strong focus on both energy efficiency and indoor climate quality. Beyond improving building envelope thermal insulation, deep renovation must also include upgrading HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems, which typically account for 25–30% of the total initial investment. However, if HVAC systems are not properly planned, engineered, and installed, they can significantly undermine energy efficiency, safety, occupant health, and the overall value of buildings. To ensure high-quality, efficient, and compliant HVAC systems in building renovations, a well-structured quality management process—specifically the commissioning of building services—is crucial.

The Importance of HVAC Commissioning in Energy-Efficient Renovation

HVAC commissioning is critical for Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) to secure the expected energy savings and operational performance of renovated buildings. This systematic quality assurance process involves verifying and documenting that all HVAC components and assemblies are correctly planned, designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained to meet performance requirements. Proper commissioning not only sustains optimal system performance but also reduces energy consumption and extends the lifespan of HVAC systems.

A key principle of HVAC commissioning is prevention rather than inspection. Addressing potential issues before installation helps avoid costly rework and failures in building operation. While inspections serve as a verification step, the primary goal is to ensure that all systems function as intended from the outset. By identifying and resolving issues early, commissioning improves indoor air quality, enhances safety, and helps achieve targeted energy savings. The commissioning of HVAC systems follows a structured process that includes planning, design verification, installation oversight, functional testing, and ongoing performance monitoring.

TalTech’s Contribution to HVAC Commissioning and Standardization

As part of the EBENTO project, TalTech (Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia) has developed a structured commissioning process for renovation projects, ensuring that HVAC systems deliver the intended energy savings and performance. This effort aims to establish commissioning procedures that enhance the quality and functionality of building renovations, particularly in cases where HVAC upgrades play a crucial role.

To support this, a commissioning guide for building owners was developed, drawing from EU standards, literature reviews, and pilot project experiences. Additionally, checklists were designed to streamline communication and coordination among stakeholders. The success of this initiative has been strengthened through contributions from key EBENTO project partners in Tallinn:

• SoftAcademy (Pilot 1: Akadeemia tee 4)
• Tallinna Linnavaraamet (Pilot 2: Energia 13)

Furthermore, TalTech’s work in designing the commissioning framework contributed to the Estonian National Standard EVS 941-1:2024 (“General Quality Requirements for Construction Works, Part 1: Heating and Cooling Systems”), helping to standardize HVAC commissioning procedures in Estonia.

Customer Value in Renovation Projects: Open Communication and Transparency

A key factor in the success of renovation projects is open communication between stakeholders. The EBENTO project team at TalTech has developed guidelines for building owners to navigate the commissioning process effectively. Commissioning reports serve as a critical reference for inspections during the in-use phase of buildings. Comprehensive and transparent documentation helps to address complexity, close information gaps, and ensure that all project stakeholders are aligned.

Overcoming Challenges in Energy Performance Contracts (EnPC)

Implementing Energy Performance Contracts (EnPCs) in renovation projects can be challenging due to high upfront investment costs and long payback periods, particularly in regions with relatively low energy prices. Therefore, achieving the desired renovation outcomes from the moment of handover is essential to ensure project viability and long-term success. By prioritizing systematic HVAC commissioning, integrating standardized procedures, and fostering collaborative stakeholder communication, deep renovation projects in the Nordics can achieve higher energy efficiency, improved indoor climate quality, and long-term sustainability.

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